With the recent rains, the state Department of Health Maui District Office warned this week about taking precautions to prevent leptospirosis infection from floodwaters and freshwater streams.

Disease symptoms range from flulike fever, headache, chills, sweating, muscle pain, painful eyes and vomiting to more serious symptoms such as stiff neck, jaundice (yellowing of skin and eyes) and kidney and liver damage, the Health Department said.

Leptospirosis is passed from animals to humans through urine of infected animals. The bacterial disease can live for long periods in freshwater and mud. While leptospirosis is found worldwide, it is more common in tropical areas like Hawaii, the Health Department said.

During dry weather, there are fewer leptospirosis cases on Maui, but the bacteria can live in freshwater streams, mud and soil for a long period. During periods of heavy rain and flooding, the bacteria can be washed into freshwater streams, floodwaters and mud.

People can be infected with leptospirosis when the bacteria in freshwater streams, mud or animal urine gets into their eyes, nose and mouth or through broken skin.

It is important to be protected from leptospirosis when entering freshwater streams, floodwaters or mud, whether for recreation or work, the Health Department said. Try to avoid swimming, wading, hiking or playing in freshwater streams or waterfalls with open cuts or abrasions. Also avoid swallowing water or getting water in the nose and eyes when diving or submersing in a pond.

Wear protective gear, such as boots, gloves, long-sleeved shirts, heavy pants and goggles when working, hunting or fishing in streams, mud or floodwaters. This will prevent cuts and exposure to contaminated water, the Health Department said.

The Health Department advises not drinking stream or catchment water without boiling or chemical treatment and controlling rodents and wildlife around the home and keeping them away from food and garbage.

Symptoms of leptospirosis usually occur in seven to 14 days after exposure, but can take as long as 30 days. The disease can last from a few days to several weeks. See a doctor immediately if suspected of being infected. A doctor can prescribe medicines that treat leptospirosis and help avoid more serious complications.

Tell the doctor about any recent contact with freshwater, floodwaters, mud or animals, the Health Department said.

For more information on leptospirosis, call the Disease Investigations Branch at the Maui District Health Office at 984-8213.